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Those who refuse the HPV-vaccine, at least as documented by Craciun and Baban ( 2012), claim that the vaccine is being pushed in coordination with large pharmaceutical companies in order to maximize profits, or is a sinister ploy to reduce the world population (see also Douglas et al. There are no defeasible suspicions of bias. It does not seem to involve specific worries that can be allayed. By contrast, distrust of the ‘stubborn’ variety being examined in this paper seems much more irrational. However, such forms of distrust are relatively circumscribed: they are conditional on defeasible beliefs about the motivations of experts or about the ‘non-epistemic values’ that influence them. Suspicion of sexist and/or racist biases could lead to distrust as well: in some areas of medicine such biases seem to have undermined expert judgment (Heise et al. Financial conflicts of interest are not the only legitimate grounds to distrust scientific experts. Financial conflicts of interest are particularly corrosive (Holman and Bruner 2017), and historical cases of corruption (such as the tobacco industry manipulating the state of scientific consensus: Naomi and Conway 2011) have contributed to a widely held perception that industry-funded research is less trustworthy than academic research (Pew 2019). For instance, one could and should distrust so-called ‘scientific experts’ 1 if one suspects them of being biased or subject to conflicts of interest. It is not the distrust per se that is puzzling. Nonetheless, even as a minority attitude, it is a puzzling and troubling phenomenon. This distrust is evident internationally, although in light of the ample attention it receives in public discourse, one should hasten to add the nuance that it does not seem to be pervasive: scientists remain the most trusted profession globally, more so even than doctors or nurses (Ipsos 2019). The well-documented distrust of the HPV-vaccine (Craciun and Baban 2012) is but one instance of the more general phenomenon of deep distrust of scientific experts (Douglas et al. No matter the ingenuity with which the doctors argued and pleaded with her, the fact of the matter was that she simply did not trust them. She secretly worried about being part of a large-scale experiment, or of an effort at population control.
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She just could not believe their promises – that the vaccine had been subject to extensive testing, that it was free of serious side-effects, and that it could help her daughter avoid cervical cancer later on. Hence when government physicians came to her village offering to vaccinate her daughter, she balked.
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The mother of three children, having spent all her life in rural areas, already felt little trust in the government and urban professional classes.